Virtual Labs Uses in Vocational High School: A Bibliometric Analysis

The utilization of virtual laboratories is an effort in the era of digital technological advances to achieve maximum learning objectives. Vocational High School (VHS) aims to produce productive age human resources who are ready to work. In addition, vocational schools emphasize aspects of softskills the needs of industry 4.0 and social development 5.0 including 4C skills (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creative). The purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to present information on the utilization of virtual laboratories in the vocational sector. Articles were searched through the Scopus, Dimensions, ERIC, Taylor & Francis and Springer databases. 326 suitable articles were collected from 2021–2024 and 132 articles were further analyzed. We used VOSviewer software to classify and visualize co-occurrence and citations. The information presented in this review can be used as a starting point for future research on the topic of vocational education virtual laboratories.