Novel Design of Helical Storage and Planting Mechanism for Coral Reef Restoration Using Opto-Acoustic and Image Processing Methods

Coral reefs are vital ecosystems that sustain various marine life forms and contribute more than just meeting the global oxygen demand. Despite their essential role in ecology, coral reefs have suffered drastically from pollution and other environmental stresses. The current focus on active methods of coral reef restoration involves replanting nursery-grown coral fragments onto the dying substrate. The efforts in current restoration projects are labor-intensive and time-consuming, as divers need to manually plant the coral fragments onto the seabed. Hence, this study aims to develop a remotely operated underwater vehicle capable of rapidly planting coral fragments, advancing the detection of potential coral diseases, and regular health monitoring. The study explores innovative solutions like helical storage, embedded coral fragments, mushroom-shaped larval colonies, and soft robotics facilitating compact storage, delicate handling, and ensuring healthy growth. Pressure-sensitive adhesives combined with porous crumple zones reduce curing time and strengthen bonding. Impeller-based propulsion and thrust vectoring offer maneuverability and stability to the process. Finally, advanced detection methods, including opto-acoustics and image processing, assist in coral health monitoring and disease detection.