Flexible and Effective Cellular Traffic Data Synthesis with Large Language Model

Cellular traffic data hold significant potential for applications such as network planning, traffic prediction, mobility modeling, and personalized recommendations. However, limited data accessibility hinders more open data-driven research. Previous studies have explored data synthesis, while exhibiting flexible limitations in supporting conditional traffic synthesis, and are vulnerable to multidimensional data modeling. In this paper, we present LLMCell, a flexible and effective framework that leverages the arbitrary conditioning and contextual understanding capabilities of the large language model (LLM) to generate high-quality synthetic cellular traffic data. The LLMCell comprises three key components: i) a textual encoder for converting raw cellular traffic data into textual representations, ii) a generative model learner to fine-tune pre-trained LLM based on encoded textual representation for cellular traffic generation, and iii) a synthetic data sampling module for final synthetic data sampling and textual-to-data transformation. Experiments conducted on a large-scale dataset demonstrate the superior fidelity and utility of LLMCell over state-of-the-art baselines, and the synthetic data can effectively preserve user privacy. We release our synthetic dataset to the public to benefit future research in the wireless network community¹.