Research on Multichain Multihop Routing Protocol for Smart Road Chain-Distributed Sensor Networks

Focusing on the characteristics of low-latency transmission and chain-distributed sensors along intelligent roads, this article investigates a multichain multihop routing protocol (MMRP) suitable for roadside chain-distributed sensor networks. The aim is to address the low communication efficiency and poor system robustness of traditional chain-based networks. This study calculates the number of chains (NCs) based on the communication capability of individual nodes and adopts time-division multiple access (TDMA) to design a complete communication scheme, achieving efficient information transmission and self-organizing network routing. To address node failures, a self-check algorithm for control nodes is proposed for uploaded information, along with a rerouting mechanism where neighboring nodes of faulty points take over tasks, ensuring stable system operation. Simulation results show that MMRP achieves communication delay and packet loss rates of 0.72 s and 2.1%, respectively, outperforming LEACH and PEGASIS protocols. The system energy consumption is 36.96 J, comparable to traditional protocols. Moreover, under node failure conditions, MMRP maintains a low packet loss rate, acceptable communication delay, and energy consumption through rerouting, significantly improving system robustness and communication efficiency.