Advancements in Wireless Networks: Transition from 5G to Beyond

Earlier generations of mobile technology experienced exponential growth in mobile customers, disruptive ecosystems like Internet of Things applications, and massive channel capacity needed to connect trillions of devices. 5G networks are a vital solution. 5G aims to provide 10 Gbps to a single user, as well as quality of service, increased spectrum efficiency, ultra-reliable communication, extended device battery life, massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and a 1000-fold capacity gain. Due to the heavy traffic volume and high resource consumption of 5G applications like augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and wireless body area networks, there are major barriers to channel capacity and potential service disruptions for other users. New strategies are needed to increase spectral efficiency and channel capacity. This paper explores many major new wireless technologies that aim to increase spectral efficiency and channel capacity to meet growing user demands and improve network performance. This paper also examines these technologies’ benefits and research challenges. Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (mMIMO) technology’s effectiveness and potential distinguish it for 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) networks, offering a variety of benefits and characteristics. This article can also assist researchers who are conducting in-depth studies, as well as wireless network operators who aim to streamline the development of 5G and B5G networks.