IoT-based Autonomous Robot for Smart Farming

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized agriculture and smart farming. These advanced technologies have not only improved cognitive processes but also enabled autonomous systems to navigate and communicate intelligently within agricultural environments. The adoption of smart sensor systems, in conjunction with IoT, has modernized traditional farming practices, particularly through AI-driven crop management solutions. This paper explores how a robotic vehicle (robocar), equipped with sensors to detect nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), soil moisture, and humidity, collects data and transmits it to a cloud server for analysis. One mobility feature of the robot is its ability to navigate fields autonomously using GPS-guided paths. Starting from a designated home location, the robot follows a pre-set route to the field, where its robotic arm automatically collects soil samples for testing. By utilizing sensors that measure water content, soil moisture, and NPK levels, the system assesses soil conditions and sends the data to the IoT server. Based on this information, AI provides recommendations for the most suitable crops for the area. Furthermore, the robot monitors soil properties and alerts the operator to significant changes in the environment or infrastructure. After completing its tasks, the robot uses its navigation capabilities to autonomously return to its home position by activating the ”return home” function.