Seasonal Dynamics and Spatial Non-Stationarity in the Relationship Between Urban Morphology and Land Surface Temperature

We explored the relationship between urban morphology and Land Surface Temperature (LST), focusing on the spatial non-stationarity of the relationship across different seasons. While urban form is known to influence LST, research on its seasonal spatial variations remains limited, despite its importance for sustainable urban development. Using the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model, significant seasonal and spatial differences were uncovered, and how urban form impacts LST was explored. Traditional approaches rely on annual averages and ignore spatial non-stationarity, failing to capture the effects of urban form on LST. The results showed pronounced seasonal influences, with certain urban form indicators such as Floor Area Ratio (FAR), and Building Height impact strengthened in specific seasons. The result highlighted the need for urban planning and the spatial and seasonal dynamics of urban form to effectively mitigate LST for sustainable urban environments.