Handover Strategy for LEO Satellite Networks Using Bipartite Graph and Hysteresis Margin

The low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation has become a highly effective solution for non-terrestrial networks (NTN), offering reliable, uninterrupted, and high-speed global communication. However, the rapid movement of LEO satellites results in a significant handover rate across satellites. Therefore, satellite handover management is essential to ensure the stability and continuity of communication services. This paper proposes a novel weighted bipartite graph-based handover strategy in LEO constellations to enhance quality of service (QoS) and overcome the challenge of frequent satellite handovers. The proposed approach utilizes the Kuhn-Munkres (KM) algorithm to achieve optimal matching with maximum weight, thereby ensuring efficient load distribution and high-quality communication. Moreover, the implementation of hysteresis margin (HM) reduces unnecessary handovers and thus enhances the overall performance of the network. The numerical results demonstrate a significant reduction in handover rate and latency, while improving energy efficiency and achieving enhanced data rates. In particular, our scheme effectively adapts to varying Rician K-factors and demonstrates flexibility under different signal conditions. Furthermore, the obtained results highlight a significant reduction in handover costs and ensure efficient and reliable communication in LEO satellite networks.