An Intelli BEF: An Intelligent Bio-Inspired Energy-Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Routing for IoT-Enabled WSNs

In IoT-enabled Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), effective energy utilization and fault tolerance are essential for extended network functionality and dependable data delivery. These networks, prevalent in applications ranging from environmental monitoring to smart cities, have difficulties stemming from sensor node failures caused by energy depletion or environmental interference. This study presents Intelli BEF, a bio-inspired, energy-efficient, and fault-tolerant routing protocol that improves WSN performance by intelligent optimization and fault detection. Intelli BEF utilizes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to identify energy-efficient cluster heads (CHs), thereby optimizing energy consumption across nodes and extending the network's operating duration. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier is utilized to identify defective nodes in real-time, facilitating efficient rerouting and minimizing data loss. Intelli BEF has shown substantial advancements compared to conventional protocols through comprehensive simulations, resulting in improved fault tolerance, heightened energy efficiency, and prolonged network longevity. This study emphasizes the promise of Intelli BEF for dependable and scalable applications in IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs).