Control of Solar Photovoltaic Integrated Sensorless PMSM Driven Three-Wheeler Electric Vehicle

This paper presents a solar photovoltaic-integrated, sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive for a 3-wheeler electric vehicle (EV). It also delves into vehicle design, modeling, and energy calculations based on Indian Driving Cycle (IDC). Based on rooftop size, a solar photovoltaic (PV) array is selected and connected to DC link through a boost converter to achieve maximum power using a modified perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm. Due to cost and reliability concerns, a position sensorless drive is preferred. This study employs an adaptive flux observer (FO) based sensorless technique, designed to eliminate DC offset and to provide harmonics-free flux with a straightforward structure. An adaptive nature of this observer consists of characteristics of multiple filters with adaptive nature, which makes it effective over a wide range of speed. In addition to this, a modified quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) is used for rotor position and speed estimation, featuring an adaptive gain-based loop filter to enhance dynamic performance. A comparative performance of presented sensorless technique and dynamics of battery-solar system are discussed and validated with test results.