Non-flickering Chrominance Square 8-QAM Manchester Encoding Scheme in Display-Camera Communications

In this paper, we propose and experimentally validate a luminance flicker-free $\mathrm{YC}_{\mathrm{b}} \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{r}}$ chrominance modulation approach, employing a novel chrominance square 8-QAM Manchester encoding scheme for indoor display-camera imaging optical communication scenarios. The proposed system achieves a gross data rate of $\mathbf{1. 5 6} \mathbf{~ M b p s.}$ In comparison to the conventional RGB-independent Manchester encoding scheme, our approach exhibits a non-flickering characteristic concerning optical intensity, rendering it less sensitive to human visual system (HVS) perception. Furthermore, our scheme demonstrates improved bit error rate (BER) performance, achieving values that are half those of the RGB-based scheme. Given that the HVS is particularly susceptible to rapid fluctuations in optical intensity, our proposed scheme is more eye-friendly and transmission-efficient for future applications.