A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of High-Entropy Alloys in Electronics and Energy Industries

High-entropy alloys (HEAs), characterized by their unique multi-element composition in near-equal proportions, have garnered significant attention for their remarkable mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability. These properties enable HEAs to address critical challenges in the electronics and energy industries. In electronics, HEAs offer customizable electrical conductivity, low melting points, and exceptional durability, making them ideal for applications in semiconductors, flexible electronics, and advanced packaging. Similarly, in the energy sector, HEAs demonstrate superior performance in hydrogen storage, electrochemical reactions, and thermal management, supporting the development of next-generation clean energy technologies. However, widespread adoption of HEAs is hindered by challenges such as phase instability, fabrication complexities, and brittleness at low temperatures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of HEA research, emphasizing innovative solutions such as computational design and nanostructuring to overcome these barriers. By examining their transformative potential and addressing the obstacles to their integration, this study highlights the pivotal role of HEAs in shaping advanced technologies for sustainable and high-performance systems.