Model-Driven Deep Learning-Based Optimization of Downlink Precoding and Fronthaul Compression in Cell-Free MIMO Systems

Cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is a promising solution for wireless communications. However, the potential in improving system performance is restricted due to the capacity-limited fronthaul links. To tackle this problem, we utilize the compress-and forward approach, which leverages various compression and encoding techniques to reduce the fronthaul overhead. Thus, jointly optimizing precoding and fronthaul compression presents a significant challenge. However, current optimization algorithms frequently entail high computational complexity because of their iterative processes, rendering impractical for real-time use. To overcome this challenge, we present a model-driven deep learning-based framework to characterize the structure of precoding vectors and the compression matrix via low-dimensional parameters, leveraging the uplink-downlink duality as the expert knowledge. A deep neural network can learn these low-dimensional “key features” from channel state information. Simulation results indicate that our approach achieves performance comparable to the optimal algorithm and substantially reduces complexity.