Rethinking the Role of Panchromatic Images in Pan-Sharpening

Recent pan-sharpening methods have predominantly utilized techniques tailored for natural image scenes, often overlooking the unique features arising from non-overlapping spectral responses. In light of this, we have reevaluated the utility of panchromatic (PAN) images and introduced a theory anchored in the spectral response of satellite sensors. This posits that a PAN image is effectively a linear weighted summation of individual bands from its corresponding multi-spectral (MS) image, offset by an error map. We developed a deep unmixing network termed “DUN” that integrates an unmixing network, a fusion mechanism, and a distinctive mutual information contrastive loss function. Notably, the unmixing network is adept at decomposing a PAN image into its MS counterpart and error map. Further, the demixed image alongside the low-resolution MS image is channeled into the fusion network for pan-sharpening. Recognizing the challenges of achieving robust supervised learning directly from the unmixing phase, we have innovated a mutual information contrastive learning loss function, ensuring enhanced separation and minimizing overlap during the unmixing process. Preliminary experiments underscore both the quantitative and qualitative prowess of the proposed method.