Stochastic Geometry-Based Modeling of Electromagnetic Field with Imperfect Beam Alignment

Installing more base stations can enhance the coverage and throughput of the cellular networks, but increasing the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in a communication area that brings fear to the community regarding the possible health impacts. This paper presents a stochastic geometry-based mathematical model for assessing the EMF exposure from millimeter wave (MMW) base stations by incorporating the Gaussian antenna model from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Then, the impact of beam alignment of the antenna model is investigated for various base station intensities and blockage parameters. Analytical results are compared with the simulation results obtained from MATLAB to validate the analysis. The results show that the incident power density (IPD) coverage probability increases with the increasing intensity of MMW BSs. The gap between analytical and simulation results increases with the standard deviation of the Gaussian beam alignment, demonstrating that the developed analytical results can provide a tractable evaluation of EMF exposure for network planning while guaranteeing a certain degree of accuracy.