Enhanced Brain Tumor Detection Using Transfer Learning with Fine-Tuned Efficientnet-B3 Blocks and Graph-Based Spatial Attention Capsule Networks

Brain tumors are critical medical conditions that require timely and accurate diagnosis to improve survival outcomes. This research proposes a cutting-edge framework for brain tumor classification, combining fine-tuned EfficientNet-B3 blocks with graph-based spatial attention capsule networks. By addressing challenges such as limited data availability, overfitting, and the complex nature of tumor structures, the framework employs partial transfer learning, advanced feature extraction, and attention mechanisms to effectively model spatial relationships in MRI images. Evaluated on a dataset of 3,064 contrast-enhanced brain MRI images, the model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving 99.85% classification accuracy and notable improvements in precision, recall, and F1 scores for glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumours. The use of advanced data augmentation techniques significantly improved the model's ability to generalize, while its computational efficiency makes it well-suited for clinical diagnostic applications.