Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Distribution in Thailand Using a Geographic Information System

The global transition toward electric vehicles (EVs), driven by environmental concerns and supportive government policies, is reshaping the transportation landscape. The distribution of EV charging stations is crucial for ensuring user accessibility and encouraging broader EV adoption. This study investigates the spatial distribution of EV charging stations across Thailand, using a geographic information system. Kernel density estimation is applied to create heatmaps, identifying regions with different densities of charging stations across the country. Additionally, the relationships between charging station density and population size and geographic area are analyzed to assess the adequacy of charging infrastructure according to population demand and area. Choropleth maps reveal significant disparities and inadequacies in charging station distribution, highlighting high-density (such as Bangkok, its periphery, and the Eastern Economic Corridor) and low-density (e.g., the Northern and Northeastern regions) areas. The findings reveal critical infrastructure gaps, particularly in underserved areas, and provide actionable insights to guide future development to support the growing EV market in Thailand.