Distributed Optical Fiber Vibration Sensors Using Light Interference Technology: Fundamental Principles and Major Advancements

Recently, the optical fiber sensors have garnered widespread recognition and have been successfully deployed in various applications, such as biosensing, physical measurement, and so on. Among these sensors, distributed optical fiber sensors, an emerging sensing technology that is capable of providing a comprehensive mapping of a physical quantity along a single fiber, have made remarkable advancements in underlying key methods and technologies and can embody the utmost sophistication in fiber sensing technology. In particularly, the distributed optical fiber sensors can offer an attractive solution to address social concerns related to the use of natural resources and the prevention of human-generated and natural-induced threats. In this work, we focus on a review of distributed optical fiber vibration sensors (DOFVSs), which are mainly based on light interference technology, including optical fiber interferometer and optical fiber reflectometry, and other related schemes. By analyzing the developments in DOFVSs, we delve into the sensing mechanisms of these sensors, elucidating the intricate balance between crucial measurement parameters, such as sensing range and spatial resolution. Furthermore, we spotlight the latest advancements in DOFVSs, particularly emphasizing their relevant applications, such as pipeline safety monitoring, railway safety monitoring, structural health monitoring (SHM), power safety monitoring, perimeter security monitoring, and so on. This review aims to elucidate the advancements and limitations of DOFVSs, ultimately seeking to facilitate the overcoming of technical challenges and facilitate their widespread adoption in practical applications.