The Impact of NLOS Channels on Performance of UWB Multi-Anchor for 3D Indoor Positioning

This paper investigates the impact of Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) channels on the performance of UltraWideband (UWB) multi-anchor three-dimensional (3D) positioning systems. The study involves a series of experiments conducted in both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and NLOS conditions, using varying numbers of anchors to evaluate how these factors influence positioning errors. The results indicate that increasing the number of anchors in NLOS environments does not necessarily improve positioning accuracy. In fact, it can exacerbate positioning errors due to the intensification of multipath effects and signal attenuation. The findings emphasize the need for careful anchor placement and selection, particularly in environments prone to NLOS conditions, to ensure reliable performance of UWB-based indoor positioning systems.