Design of Microcontroller Based Automated Diesel Level and Pump Control System for Efficient Pit Dewatering in Botswana Mines

This paper proposes a novel strategy to address the difficulties encountered in Botswana's open-pit mine dewatering procedures. The conventional approach, which relies on labor-intensive manual labor and mechanical switching, is expensive, time-consuming, and present significant safety hazards. To overcome these limitations, this project proposes a multi-sensor network system that automates and optimizes the dewatering process and improve operational efficiency. The system integrates real-time sensor data to monitor fuel consumption and water levels in mining pits, enabling precise pump operation control. The system has two sets of sensors for data collection on fuel levels in the reserve and dewatering pump tank. Water level sensors are also used to monitor the water levels in the tank and turn the pump on or off based on predetermined thresholds. After receiving the sensor data, a microcontroller controls the entire process and shows the fuel levels and consumption on an LCD screen. The system's circuitry was designed and simulated using Proteus software, and the LCD successfully displayed measurements obtained from the sensors. When the sump level surpassed the predetermined threshold, a relay was energized to initiate the motor, thereby pumping out the water. Similarly, the tank level sensor (LV800) detected water levels exceeding 80% capacity, sending a signal to the microcontroller, which, in turn, energized the relay to activate the stage motor. The LCD also displayed readings from the temperature and current sensors. Simulation results indicate that the proposed sensor-based approach effectively monitors the condition of the pumps. At the same time, the microcontroller, in conjunction with the sensors, can adequately control the pump's operation during the dewatering process in the mining pit. This research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of employing sensors and a microcontroller in managing and controlling dewatering pumps. By automating the process and integrating real-time monitoring, this system offers a promising solution for improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing safety in open pit mine dewatering operations.