Adaptive Lion Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Solving Small-Scale CVRP

An adaptive lion swarm optimization(ALSO) algorithm was proposed for the small-scale capacitated vehicle routing problem(CVRP). The algorithm introduces a nonlinear factor to achieve adaptive scaling adjustment of the perturbation factor, and then dynamically adjusted the search range through the adaptively scaled disturbance factor, enhancing the algorithm's global search capability and local search accuracy. Meanwhile, the position updating strategies for the lion king, lioness, and cub in the algorithm were redefined, with the lioness's position updating strategy incorporating the golden ratio to achieve a more efficient simulation of predatory behavior. Experimental results on standard test cases showed that the algorithm demonstrated good stability and robustness in the optimization process, quickly finding better solutions. Its performance was significantly better than PSO, BBPSO, and LSO algorithms, providing a new solution approach for the small-scale CVRP.