CESA: Chebyshev-Polynomials-Based Efficient and Secure Access Authentication Scheme for Both User Equipment and Massive Machine-Type-Communication Devices Over 5G Networks

Fifth-generation (5G) networks are widely applied in diverse fields, and numerous devices are densely interconnected in these networks. As the number of devices increases, security and authentication concerns become more important for this technology. Furthermore, the concurrent connections of many devices result in severe signaling congestion, and the 5G-AKA protocol has certain vulnerabilities. In 2020, Cao et al. proposed a novel scheme referred to as LSAA that employs the Chebyshev chaotic map, which significantly alleviated the aforementioned problems and fulfilled security requirements. However, their scheme overlooked critical security aspects like untraceability. In this study, we proposed Chebyshev-polynomials-based efficient and secure access authentication (CESA), an efficient and secure access authentication scheme inspired by the lightweight and secure access authentication scheme for both user equipment (UE) and massive machine-type communication devices in 5G networks. We achieve improved security properties, efficiency, and lightweight characteristics compared to existing protocols. CESA includes a lightweight authentication method using an extended Chebyshev chaotic map, ensuring resistance to various attacks for common UE and massive machine-type communication devices. CESA offers robust security features, including mutual authentication, identity anonymity, secure session key agreement, and a perfect forward secrecy/public key-based scheme, all achieved with high efficiency and low computational cost. We conducted a rigorous evaluation of CESA using the formal security analysis tools ProVerif and Scyther. This system reduces bandwidth consumption, signaling and transmission cost, computational cost, and storage cost by 75.98% on average.