A Spatial Field-Aware Underwater Detection System Based on Active Electrosense

Underwater target detection is a pivotal technology in marine observation. Traditional detection methods primarily rely on acoustic and optical techniques. However, their accuracy is constrained in turbid waters and complex environments. Inspired by weakly electric fish, we present a spatially sensitive detection system based on active electrosense, capable of autonomously generating electric fields to identify underwater targets. This system incorporates the concept of multiple measurement vectors (MMVs) from compressed sensing and the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem, adapting it to our specific application by utilizing spatial geometric information for multielectrode signal detection. This approach effectively enhances detection sensitivity in both short distance and turbid water environments. Experiments in a saltwater pool demonstrated the system’s excellent current sensitivity to metallic targets, such as submarine cables, particularly at short distances. This capability addresses inherent challenges in traditional optical and acoustic methods, highlighting the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed system.