Online Internal Resistance Computation-Based Early Sensing of Thermal Runaway for Smart Fault Handling System (FHS) of Li-Ion Batteries

In this letter, a microcontroller-based smart fault handling system (FHS) is proposed which is capable of early sensing and managing the thermal runaway (TR) event in real-time battery management system (BMS) through online internal resistance (IR) computation method. In overcharging region of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries (LIBs), TR is one of the critical issues which occur when used in electric vehicles (EVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Therefore, a proper subsystem is utmost required in the BMS for detecting the TR event quite early, which will automatically prevent the battery modules from critical accidents like fire, explosion, etc. The developed smart FHS utilizes an efficient, cost-effective, and reliable online IR sensing-based early TR sensing (ETRS) system which detects the TR event ~3.9 min prior to the TR onset point (outperforming the other detection methods) and shuts down the charging mechanism. Additionally, this system sends an IoT-based short message service (SMS) alert notification to the users allowing them to take necessary preventive steps.