Enhancing Project-Based Learning in Engineering Disciplines Through Emerging Technologies: A Systematic Literature Review

Project-based learning (PBL) is a widely recognized pedagogical approach that fosters active learning and problem-solving skills among engineering students. Over the past few decades, PBL has brought a significant transformation in engineering education by becoming a core methodology for moving toward engineering programs that support student-centered learning. PBL has shifted the focus of engineering education from being teacher-centered to student-centered. Instead of simply imparting knowledge to students, PBL encourages students to engage in active, collaborative learning through real-world projects. In addition, PBL methods place a strong emphasis on practical skills development, as students work on projects that simulate real-world engineering problems. This helps to ensure that engineering graduates are equipped with the skills they need to succeed in the workforce.The study aims to investigate how emerging technologies could play a pivotal role in enhancing project-based learning (PBL) within the field of engineering. Emerging technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Robotics, Automation, Collaborative Tools, and Cloud Computing can further enrich the PBL experiences.This literature review-based research examines the role of emerging technologies in enhancing PBL experiences within engineering education. By synthesizing research findings from various disciplines, including education, engineering, and technology, this review identifies key trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with integrating emerging technologies into PBL curricula. The review explores how technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, simulation tools, and collaborative platforms can enrich PBL environments by providing immersive, interactive, and engaging learning experiences. Additionally, it discusses strategies for effectively incorporating these technologies into engineering courses, addressing issues related to accessibility, affordability, and pedagogical alignment.Through an analysis of empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and best practices, this review offers insights into the potential benefits of leveraging emerging technologies to optimize PBL implementation in engineering education. Moreover, it highlights the need for further research to explore the long-term impact and scalability of these technological interventions in enhancing student learning outcomes, fostering innovation, and preparing future engineers for real-world challenges.