Developing Sustainability Competencies in Engineering Students through Problem-Based Learning in Fluid Mechanics

Sustainability competencies encompass a broad range of skills, including systems thinking, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the application of scientific and technical knowledge to solve complex problems, which are required by future engineers to address contemporary challenges. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an educational approach that has shown to effectively develop these competencies by engaging students in real-world problems that require critical thinking, collaboration, and application of theoretical knowledge. This study investigates how PBL can develop sustainability competencies in engineering student by understanding the differences and similarities in competency development between students enrolled in a Fluid Mechanics course involving concepts of fluid transport, storage, and processing. students working on distinct problem scenarios. The research question focuses on identifying which problem scenarios better facilitate the development of sustainability competencies. A comparative case study approach is used to analyze the differences in competency development between two groups of junior-year Sustainable Development Engineering students. Group A designed a water pumping and distribution system for a small town, while Group B focused on a centrifugal compressor in a carbon dioxide heat pump system. Data were collected through observations, reflective writing, and analysis of students' final products. Preliminary results indicate that both problem scenarios effectively support the development of sustainability competencies, but with differences in the types and levels of competencies achieved. While Group A focuses on systems thinking and practical application of fluid mechanics principles, Group B demonstrates a deep understanding of theoretical principles and fluid mechanics role in decarbonization technologies. Feedback from students will also led to adjustments in instructional methods, enhancing the learning experience and optimizing the development of competencies. Both problem scenarios enable students to apply theoretical knowledge in practical challenges, fostering critical thinking, collaboration, and technical proficiency. Greater awareness and commitment to sustainability were observed among students, as they were actively involved in the process of refining their problem-solving approaches and understanding the broader implications of their work. PBL helps to develop sustainability competencies in engineering students.