Reliable DC Shipboard Power Systems—Design, Assessment, and Improvement

Targeting a climate-neutral maritime sector drives the adoption of the all-electric ship (AES). While AESs can utilize both ac and dc shipboard power systems (SPS), a dc system offers advantages in efficiency, power density, and source synchronization. However, the enhanced network complexity of dc grids combined with the high penetration of power electronic devices and harsh environmental conditions can compromise the system's reliability. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the reliability aspect of dc-SPSs, addressing the power system design, adequacy assessment, and reliability improvement. First, the performance tradeoffs associated with the SPS design are examined, revealing how changes in the power system topology and dc bus structure impact the vessel's reliability along with other performance parameters. Second, a hierarchical reliability model framework is proposed for the adequacy assessment of dc-SPSs, considering the reliability from the component level up to the system level. To determine the system-level reliability, multiple probabilistic methods, including simulation and analytical models, are compared using a propulsion subsystem example. Finally, an overview of the reliability improvement strategies is provided, addressing methods at the system, device, and component level. These three topics combined aim to provide guidance in the design of future reliable dc-SPSs.