Thyroid Nodule Ultrasound Image Segmentation Based on Improved Swin Transformer

To address the issue of inaccurate segmentation caused by blurred edges and strong noise in thyroid nodule ultrasound images, an image segmentation method based on an improved Swin Transformer is proposed. First, depthwise convolutional layers are integrated into the encoder/decoder of the Swin Transformer to enhance global-local feature representations. Second, a multi-scale feature fusion module is introduced through skip connections between the encoder and decoder to improve information flow and feature integration. Additionally, a multi-level patch embedding convolution is designed to enable layer-by-layer feature extraction from coarse to fine levels. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves superior segmentation accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods such as Attention U-Net, with Dice scores of 82.26% and 78.64% and IoU values of 73.00% and 67.93% on the TN3K and DDTI datasets, respectively.