Method of Calculation of Inhomogeneous Dielectric Lens for Asymmetrical Biconical Antennas

A universal method for calculating inhomogeneous dielectric lenses to be used for asymmetric biconical antennas is presented. The aim of the study is to improve the performance of such antennas by utilizing a layered distribution of dielectric with different permittivity to control the phase velocity and form a planar wavefront. The antenna with the calculated lens forms the main lobe of the radiation pattern at an angle of about 30° with respect to the horizontal, while significantly reducing the side radiation in the other directions. In addition, the addition of this dielectric lens improves matching by reducing the minimum frequency margin from 2.5 GHz to 1 GHz and increases the gain by more than 3 dBi at frequencies above 10 GHz compared to similar antennas without dielectric filling. The performed electrodynamic simulations confirm the advantages of the proposed method, demonstrating improved antenna performance over a wide frequency range.