Evaluating Chloramphenicol Toxicity in Pediatric Populations

Chloramphenicol is a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic and was commonly prescribed in severe infections particularly in children. However, its application has been limited due to setbacks, particularly its toxicity in children. The rationale for this particular literature review is to review and analyze the specifics of toxicity of chloramphenicol in children, including its mode of action, side effects and clinical implications. The toxicity of this drug is primarily hematologic; the worst side effect associated with the use of chloramphenicol is aplastic anaemia, with an incidence ranging between 1/24 500 and 1/40 800 treatment courses. This drug can also lead to grey baby syndrome, especially in babies who are new to the world with the symptoms of abdominal distention, vomiting and a peculiar greyish-blue skin colour. The other possible side effects: are neurotoxicity, and non-protocol-related complications. Due to the dangers of using the drug, the specialized physician is forced to perform a risk-benefit analysis against the potential of severe toxicity. The count of the blood cells and concentration of chloramphenicol in serum should be checked quite often in patients, who are under the therapy for a long time or who are suffering from the diseases of liver. Nevertheless, with the increase in antibiotic resistance in children, it is mandatory to assess the pros and cons of chloramphenicol to enhance the treatment intervention in this vulnerable group.