A low-sensitivity active distributed realization of rational transfer functions

A novel method. for exactly realizing a rational transfer function using commensurate uniform RC lines
(\overline{URC})
is presented. As an intermediate step in efficiently implementing the method, a new lowsensitivity grounded capacitor lumped RC active structure using operational amplifiers is developed. This structure leads directly to a low sensitivity distributed realization of a rational transfer function merely by replacing the lumped resistors and capacitors by short-circuited
\overline{URC}
's and passive gyrators terminated by open-circuited
\overline{URC}
's, respectively. It is also shown that if the RC product deviates from its nominal value, there is negligible effect on the response of the designed filter provided the RC product is properly chosen.