Robust Bidirectional Q-Compensated Denoising for Seismic Data With Adaptive Structural Regularization

Seismic data is commonly contaminated by different types of noise with varying amplitudes, increasing the challenges of retrieving effective signals from strong background noise. Such issues become even worse when attenuation effects are considered because the amplitude of seismic waves will dissipate after propagation, making seismic signals easier to be inundated by noise, especially at deeper positions. To implement data enhancement and attenuation compensation without noise amplification, we propose a robust framework in a source-independent manner to reconstruct attenuation-compensated seismic data with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), namely, structural-oriented bidirectional Q-compensated denoising (SBQD) method. Unlike classic Q-compensated denoising methods, the proposed SBQD does not require wavelet as a prior and can iteratively estimate wavelet and reflectivity series simultaneously, and the final stationary seismic data can be obtained by convolving the estimated wavelet with the reflectivity series. Moreover, guided by local adaptive structural regularization, the proposed SBQD can provide superior results with higher accuracy and fidelity and remove those noise-related artifacts during denoising and compensation. Compared with conventional two-step methods (e.g., denoising and attenuation compensation), the proposed SBQD can implement denoising and compensation simultaneously, which avoids introducing compensation-related errors (e.g., noise amplification) and effectively preserves useful signals. Synthetic and field examples are used to validate the robustness of the proposed SBQD method on noise removal and attenuation compensation for seismic data.