Project-Based Analog Circuit Experiment Design for Lane Detection and Tracking in Electric Trolley Systems

The traditional experiment projects of circuits fundamentals and analog circuits are often isolated, focusing on individual knowledge points with little correlation between them. These experiments mainly involve circuit validation, lacking innovative project design. As a result, students often struggle to develop a meaningful understanding of the course's professional applications, as well as the practical use of knowledge and technology, even after completing these experiments. The electric trolley, a high-tech system integrating electronic circuits, sensors, and mechanical structures, serves as a comprehensive platform for environmental awareness, planning and decision-making, and autonomous driving. We exploit this system as a foundation to reform circuit and analog electronics courses through project-based and experimental teaching. First, aligned with the curriculum and knowledge framework of circuit fundamentals and analog circuit theory, we design an experimental project focusing on black-and-white lane detection for the electric trolley. Then, we develop a problem-oriented, step-by-step approach to guide the implementation of these experiments, progressively introducing more complex engineering challenges that reflect real-world design problems. Finally, we integrate experimental results with theoretical knowledge and align the experimental content with actual industry demands, fostering a seamless connection between education and industrial applications. Classroom surveys and assessment results indicate that the experimental content is both challenging and engaging for students.