Monitoring Oil Level in Distribution Transformers Using Ultrasonic Sensors

Distribution transformers are critical components in power system networks, responsible for stepping down high voltage to low voltage for Low Tension (LT) consumers. The failure of these transformers results in power outages and significant revenue loss for utilities. One of the major causes of transformer failure is the depletion of the transformer oil, which plays a crucial role in both insulation and cooling. Transformers are installed in remote areas near to consumers, making regular maintenance and monitoring will be challenging. Over the period of time, issues such as undetected oil leaks caused by weak welding of the transformer tank or even oil theft can lead to a drop in oil levels. When the oil level falls below the required threshold, it reduces the insulation and cooling efficiency, which can result in overheating, winding damage and transformer explosions. To address this, continuous oil level monitoring is essential. In this paper, an ultrasonic sensor is proposed to monitor the oil levels in transformers. The sensor converts the oil level into digital data, which can be stored periodically. By tracking this data, the oil leakage can be determined, providing an early warning system to prevent transformer failure.