Evaluating SF6 Alternatives in Medium and High Voltage Switchgear

The transition from sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) to air insulation in medium and high voltage switchgear represents a significant shift towards reducing the environmental impact of the power sector. SF 6, despite its excellent dielectric properties, is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 22800 times that of CO2. The European Union's recent regulations, particularly Regulation 2024/573, have accelerated the phase-out of SF6 in electrical equipment, necessitating the development and implementation of alternative insulation methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of SF6 to air insulation transitions, examining the technical challenges, environmental benefits, and operational implications of this shift. We discuss the dielectric performance of air compared to SF6, the impact on switchgear design and maintenance, and the broader implications for achieving climate neutrality in the power sector. The findings indicate that while air-insulated switchgear may require larger physical spaces and present certain technical challenges, they offer a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to SF6, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change.