Generalized Pre-Coded Quadrature Spatial Modulation-Aided STAR-RIS-NOMA

This paper incorporates the concept of generalized pre-coded quadrature spatial modulation (GPQSM) into non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems aided by simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) to boost spectral efficiency. The proposed GPQSM-STAR-RIS-NOMA scheme allows for the conveyance of additional information bits to different users according to a pre-coding scheme for adapting the subsurface allocation patterns. Furthermore, we derive an approximate expression for the bit error rate. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves a better transmission rate than the conventional STAR-RIS-NOMA scheme.