Design and Analysis of Flipped-P Shaped Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Different Dielectric Substrates at Sub-6 GHz Frequency Range for 5G Applications

This work presents the use of four distinct substrates to create an elliptical microstrip patch antenna (EMPA) with a flipped-P shape for fifth generation (5G) sub-6 GHz communication. The EMPA is initially integrated on FR-4, a standard general-purpose dielectric material with a 4.3 relative permittivity and 1.6mm height. The elliptical antenna's working frequency range is 2.86-3.25 GHz, with length (L) and width (W) of 25.2 and 48 mm, respectively. The EMPA has high radiation efficiency (84.72%), acceptable gain (5.12 dBi) and low return loss (-32.27 dB) with VSWR of 1.048 at operating frequency 3.025 GHz. Additionally desirable are the surface current dissemination and the EMPA's input impedance. Throughout the whole operational frequency range, the EMPA exhibits an omnidirectional characteristic. The developed EMPA is one of the most effective solutions for high-speed sub-6 GHz 5G and Wi-Fi connectivity, short range radar systems, digital TV, and radio broadcasting applications as the time domain, frequency domain, and simulated outcomes are mutually reinforcing. The 2019 edition of the Microwave Studio (MWS) suite for computer simulation technology (CST) is utilized to create the planned EMPA and improve its functionality. The impact of other substrate materials, such as Rogers RT5880, Arlon AD 300C, and Air on the intended antenna performance has been compared and studied. The results illustrate that the thickness as well as varying relative permittivity of the substrate materials cause a notable variation in gain and bandwidth.