An Improved Particle Swarm Approach for Energy-Aware Location-Aided Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

A network with no infrastructure, multiple hops, and dispersed nodes called a MANET. Nodes can communicate directly or through intermediaries without the need for permanent infrastructure. In dynamic networks like MANETs, routing procedures enhance the overall appearance of the network by ensuring Quality of Service (QoS). A routing protocol may use a composite routing measure to determine the best path for transferring data. Optimal location-based routing for MANETs based on energy-awareness is presented in this paper. Optimal routes are selected using this fast algorithm. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used instead of location-aided routing to select the normal data transmission route. Last but not least, the network is tested by simulating its packet delivery ratio, its energy level, its delay, and its overhead.