5G Positioning Performance Analysis with 3GPP Macro Cell Environment

This paper analyzes the performance of 5G positioning using positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements in urban macro (UMa) scenarios, as proposed for positioning scenarios in the 3rd-generation partnership project (3GPP). To construct a positioning environment similar to real-world conditions, antennas used in small cells are configured to implement a beam pattern. Moreover, the antenna configuration, which has an influence on positioning performance, is applied according to the specifications suggested by the standards. Positioning measurements are conducted using the commonly utilized round trip time (RTT) and angle of arrival (AoA), and the theoretical lower bounds of positioning performance is validated using the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). In particular, the positioning accuracy in a 5G UMa is analyzed using the representative method, least squares (LS). The theoretical lower bounds analysis indicates that vertical accuracy declines due to elevation, and it is observed that LS-based positioning performance is significantly affected by the standard deviation of AoA noises.