Optimizing Energy Efficiency in UPA-Assisted SWIPT Massive MIMO Systems Over Rician Fading Channels

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) is a promising solution for enabling green communication in next-generation wireless networks. Integrating mMIMO with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) technology can further enhance the system efficiencies in terms of Energy Efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency. This article studies the feasibility and energy-efficient design of a uniform planar antenna (UPA)-assisted mMIMO-enabled SWIPT system. The downlink transmission of the SWIPT mMIMO system over the Rician fading channels is investigated with terminals harvesting energy based on a nonlinear energy harvesting model. We derive approximate expressions for signal-to-interference-plus-noise Ratio (SINR) and harvested power. Additionally, we formulate an EE optimization problem considering user-level quality of service and total transmit power constraints. To solve this nonconvex problem, we jointly optimize the allocated power and Power Splitting (PS) ratios by exploiting the fractional programming and convex-concave procedure approaches. Results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed design compared to the conventional scenarios with equal power allocation and fixed PS ratio algorithms with about 2 to 5 times EE improvements. The Results also indicate a considerably higher growth rate on EE by increasing the number of antennas and Rician factors compared to the two other methods.