Machine Learning (IQ Tree 2) Integrated Phylogenetic Assessment Studies of Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N1) Considering Polymerase Basic Protein 1 (PB-1) Sequences

The evolution of the avian influenza A or H5N1 virus is subjected to all-embracing research and investigation due to its potential threat to both animal health and human health. The H5N1 virus is notorious for its ability to mutate rapidly, leading to variations in its genetic profile and antigenic properties, which pose significant challenges for public health and safety. Hence, it is needed to obtain in-depth knowledge of H5N1 viral strain. The polymerase PB1 protein plays a major role in replicating the H5N1 viral particle within the host cell, the protein molecules isolated from various strains of H5N1 virus were selected for phylogenetic assessment studies. The present study aims to analyze sequential and functional similarities of various strains of H5N1 virus through phylogenetic studies for target protein polymerase PB1. Through a meticulous examination of 100 sequences of the PB1 protein, a phylogenetic or evolutionary tree was generated with the help of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm. Further, the Phylogenetic Tree (PT) was validated through bootstrapping (1000) method. From the results, it was evident that the query protein sequence of Id 10006 was closest to the standard protein sequence of Id 10001. Further, the query protein Id 10006 displayed a structural similarity of 99% with the standard protein sequence of Id 10001. The present paper concludes that the results obtained can assist in repurposing the FDA-approved standard vaccine (Audenz) tested for standard protein sequence Id 10001.