A High-Precision Calibration Method for Electric Field Sensors and Error Analysis under Non-uniform Electric Fields

High-precision measurement of electric fields plays an increasingly pivotal role in ensuring power equipment safety and advancing electromagnetic environment research. Given the prevalence of non-uniform electric field environments in most electrical equipment, there is an urgent necessity for standardized methodologies to accurately and precisely measure such fields. The electric field measurement model of the sensor was established based on simulation analysis, considering both uniform and non-uniform electric field conditions. The results demonstrated that the calibration platform effectively maintained a region of uniform electric field within a specific range. The calibration error caused increases proportionally with the height h/D of the sensor within this range After the sensor undergoes meticulous calibration, significant measurement errors persist in varying non-uniform electric fields. To achieve a measurement error of 1% under non-uniform electric fields, both the sensor with w/D and h/D must be less than 0.1. The obtained result offers a theoretical framework for the measurement and design of electric field sensors in non-uniform electric fields.