Slipper Zero: Exploring Wi-Fi Security Vulnerabilities and Attack Implementations on ESP32 Microcontrollers

This research explores the implementation of common Wi-Fi attack vectors using the ESP32 microcontroller platform, aiming to assess the potential security implications of readily available, low-cost hardware in the context of wireless network vulnerabilities. The study focuses on developing a comprehensive ESP32-based Wi-Fi penetration testing tool, dubbed “Slipper Zero,” which incorporates various attack methodologies including de-authentication, WPA/WPA2 handshake capture, PMKID extraction, and rogue access point creation. By leveraging the ESP32's capabilities and the Espressif IoT Development Framework (ESP-IDF), we demonstrate the feasibility of executing sophisticated attacks with minimal hardware requirements and reduced complexity. The research highlights the accessibility of these attack vectors to potential malicious actors and underscores the urgent need for enhanced Wi-Fi security measures. Our findings indicate that the ESP32 platform, with its small form factor, low power consumption, and versatile Wi-Fi interface, presents both opportunities for security research and potential risks in the hands of attackers. The study concludes with recommendations for improving Wi-Fi security practices. It suggests future directions for research in wireless network protection against emerging threats posed by low-cost, portable attack platforms.