A Blockchain-Based Solution for Detecting False Data Injection (FDI) Attacks in Overcurrent Protection Relays

The advancement of power networks worldwide has surged significantly due to extensive infrastructure growth. Concerns surrounding system failure and data communication have gained notable attention in recent years as both are crucial elements to ensure reliable and efficient operation of the power grid. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop effective cyber-immunity solutions to support the system's energy security and tackle cyber threats. This paper introduces an Ethereum blockchain-based consensus model designed to detect and localize false data injection (FDI) attacks on overcurrent protection relays using MATLAB/Simulink. By leveraging smart contracts on the Ethereum Blockchain, the proposed solution accurately distinguishes between normal faults, disturbances, and malicious attacks, thereby enhancing the resilience of power systems against cyber threats. In addition, the paper highlights the response time of the designed model, transaction cost analysis, and fault cases to validate the reliability of the proposed solution.