Numerical Simulation Study on the Sloshing Characteristics of Cryogenic Fuel in Marine Liquid Hydrogen Fuel Tanks

Driven by the national development of hydrogen energy, liquid hydrogen has attracted much attention because of its high energy density and its potential to achieve zero carbon emissions. The research and development of marine hydrogen fuel system is particularly important. Therefore, this paper investigates and analyzes the thermal coupling characteristics of marine liquid hydrogen fuel tanks under different loads. The reasonableness of the model is verified. The effects of the marine liquid hydrogen fuel tank on the thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen, such as temperature, pressure and evaporation rate, at different amplitudes and frequencies are analyzed in detail through numerical simulations. The results show that the contact area between the gas and the supercooled liquid increases with increasing acceleration. This resulted in the gradual condensation of gaseous hydrogen and a rapid decrease in the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen fuel tank. During the shaking, the thermal equilibrium inside the tank was disturbed, and the monitoring points close to the interface were loaded with more obviously changes. In contrast, there is a slight increasing trend in the temperature at the center monitoring point. These findings are important for further understanding the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen in marine liquid hydrogen fuel tanks.