A Survey on Geolocation on the Internet

In the interconnected world of the Internet, IP geolocation -identifying the geographic location of a device, user, or data source given their IP -plays an essential role in numerous applications and services. Over the years, IP geolocation technology has evolved, and it is now a cornerstone of the digital age. However, attaining accurate IP geolocation is not without its challenges. Our comprehensive survey explores IP geolocation, focusing on emerging challenges in security, data geolocation in the cloud, and coping with proxies and VPNs that are used to hide the real IP geolocation. These topics have gained prominence as organizations grapple with safeguarding the location of sensitive information, complying with data privacy regulations, and adapting to the dynamic digital landscape. By synthesizing research, analyzing industry practices, and exploring trends, we equip readers with a taxonomy and insights into the multifaceted world of geolocation and its vital role in shaping the digital future. This comprehensive survey not only enriches understanding of IP geolocation and its challenges but also provides a roadmap for future research, fostering increased awareness and the development of informed strategies for addressing the evolving landscape of geospatial security on the Internet.