Investigate the Performance of A Modified Automatic Sol-Gel System for the Fabrication of ZnO Thin Film

This work's objective is to develop a cost-effective and modified automatic sol-gel system to deposit ZnO thin films with reduced mechanical vibration. The prepared ZnO thin films on bare glass substrates using modified automatic sol-gel and spin-coating systems have been compared and investigated. Optical characterization revealed approximately 80% transmittance within the visible spectrum and low absorbance, indicating high transparency and minimal light absorption. Optical band gaps were determined as 3.23 eV for the modified automatic sol-gel system and 3.22 eV for spin coating, indicating consistent performance. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed well-aligned wurtzite structures in the films, with similar crystallite sizes of approximately 0.564 nm for sol-gel films and 0.5013 nm for spin-coated films. Overall, the modified automatic sol-gel system offers a cost-effective simplest system for producing high-quality ZnO thin films with good optical and structural properties compared with spin-coated ZnO films.