Systematic Literature Review of the Use of Blockchain as a Secure Technology in E-Ticketing Systems

The e-ticketing system is a digital ticket sales and purchase system that changes the habit patterns of buyers and facilitates buyers in making ticket purchase transactions. The current e-ticketing system has several problems, such as the use of a centralized system that is vulnerable to data leakage, ticket fraud, and scalpers. Blockchain is a technology that can help overcome problems in the e-ticketing system. For this reason, we would like to review existing research on the application of blockchain in e-ticketing systems to provide an overview of the extent of the application of blockchain in e-ticketing systems. Through an analysis of 26 selected studies, our results show that there are four main research focuses on the application of blockchain in e-ticketing systems, namely ticket management & distribution, solving ticket fraud, solving ticket scalpers, and ticket payments. We found that Hyperledger and Ethereum are the most commonly used platforms and there is also the use of other technologies such as RFID, NFT, and self-sovereign identity that can improve the performance of blockchain in e-ticketing systems. Despite the promising benefits, challenges such as scalability, high transaction costs, the need for stakeholder collaboration, and the need for more extensive real-world testing. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research and development to fully leverage blockchain's capabilities in revolutionizing the e-ticketing industry.