Designing High-Power Density MVDC Bipolar Power Cables for Power Transmission on the Moon

This study investigates the design and optimization of medium-voltage direct current bipolar coaxial cables for lunar power transmission, both on the surface and beneath the lunar surface, addressing the challenges posed by the harsh lunar environment. The cables are designed to transmit power at three levels: 100 kW (low), 500 kW (medium), and 1 MW (high), with voltage levels of ±5 and ±10 kV. The study employs multilayer insulation to minimize weight and volume while ensuring efficient operation under extreme lunar conditions. The research explores the tradeoffs between copper and aluminum conductors, with copper offering superior conductivity and requiring smaller cross-sectional areas, while aluminum remains a lighter more cost-effective alternative. The study introduces a new parameter, $J,$ which reflects the product of weight and cross-sectional area, aiding in the comparison of material efficiency between the two conductors. Aluminum generally exhibits lower J values, making it a more weight-efficient choice, particularly for lower power applications or scenarios where space is less constrained. These findings contribute to the development of optimized cable designs that balance performance, weight, and cost, providing a pathway to sustainable and efficient lunar power systems that will support future missions and the establishment of a permanent human presence on the Moon.