A Multi-Criteria Decision Support Tool for the Evaluation of Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study in Battery Technology

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources necessitates the deployment of efficient energy storage systems to ensure grid resilience, stability, and efficient operation. Selecting the optimal energy storage technology involves the evaluation across multiple criteria, reflecting technical, economic, and environmental dimensions, among others. This paper presents a decision support tool, based on an ensemble of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods, to rank energy storage technologies. These methods are renowned for their ability to handle conflicting criteria and provide clear, actionable insights for decision-makers. A detailed case study concerning battery systems is also included, evaluating the alternatives against seven technology and economic type criteria. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the employed tool in identifying the most suitable energy storage technologies, providing valuable guidance for stakeholders in the selection and development of energy storage solutions.